Secure Shell (SSH) is a key WordPress development tool. It grants advanced users access to key platforms and software that make coding and other tasks easier, faster, and more organized.
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So if you attempt to use SSH only to see a “Connection refused” error, you may start to feel concerned. However, this is a common issue, and it’s entirely possible to fix it on your own with just a bit of troubleshooting. You’ll be back to running commands in no time flat.
In this post, we’ll discuss what SSH is and when to use it. Then we’ll explain some common reasons your connection may be refused, including in PuTTY. Finally, we’ll provide some troubleshooting tips.
Let’s dive in!
What Is SSH and When Should I Use It?
Secure Shell (SSH), also sometimes called Secure Socket Shell, is a protocol for securely accessing your site’s server over an unsecured network. In other words, it’s a way to safely log in to your server remotely using your preferred command-line interface:
Using SSH to remotely access a WordPress site hosted on Kinsta
Unlike File Transfer Protocol (FTP), which only enables you to upload, delete, and edit files on your server, SSH can accomplish a wide range of tasks. For instance, if an error locks you out of your WordPress site, you can use SSH to access it remotely.
This protocol also enables you to use several key developer tools, including:
It’s important to note that using SSH is an advanced skill. Generally speaking, lay users of WordPress should contact their developers or hosting providers for help, rather than trying to resolve issues with SSH themselves.
A simple mistyped command could ruin your website, so it’s vital that you know what you’re doing.
Why Is My SSH Connection Refused? (5 Reasons for Connectivity Errors)
Unfortunately, there are many scenarios that could occur while you’re trying to connect to your server via SSH, which might result in an error reading “Connection refused”.
Below are some of the most common issues that might be causing problems for you.
1. Your SSH Service Is Down
In order to connect to your server with SSH, it must be running an SSH daemon – a program that runs in the background to listen for and accept connections.
If this service is down, you will not be able to successfully connect to your server and may receive a Connection refused error:
Connection Refused error in Terminal
Your server’s SSH daemon may be down for a wide variety of reasons, including unexpected traffic spikes, resource outages, or even a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. In addition to the troubleshooting steps we’ll mention below, you may want to contact your hosting provider to determine the root cause of the issue.
If you suspect that your SSH service might be down, you can run this command to find out:
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